First mobile phones

First mobile phones: -

The technologies that preceded modern cellular mobile telephony systems were the various "0G" pre-cellular mobile radio telephony standards. Nokia had been producing commercial and military mobile radio communications technology since the 1960s. Since 1964, Nokia had developed VHF radio simultaneously with Salora Oy. In 1966, Nokia and Salora started developing the ARP standard (which stands for Autoradiopuhelin, or car radio phone in English), a car-based mobile radio telephony system and the first commercially operated public mobile phone network in Finland. It went online in 1971 and offered 100% coverage in 1978.[

In 1979, the merger of Nokia and Salora resulted in the establishment of Mobira Oy. Mobira began developing mobile phones for the NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephony) network standard, the first-generation, first fully-automatic cellular phone system that went online in 1981. In 1982, Mobira introduced its first car phone, the Mobira Senator for NMT-450 networks.

Nokia bought Salora Oy in 1984 and now owning 100% of the company, changed the company's telecommunications branch name to Nokia-Mobira Oy. The Mobira Talkman, launched in 1984, was one of the world's first transportable phones. In 1987, Nokia introduced one of the world's first handheld phones, the Mobira Cityman 900 for NMT-900 networks (which, compared to NMT-450, offered a better signal, yet a shorter roam). While the Mobira Senator of 1982 had weighed 9.8 kg (22 lb) and the Talkman just under 5 kg (11 lb), the Mobira Cityman weighed only 800 g (28 oz) with the battery and had a price tag of 24,000 Finnish marks (approximately €4,560). Despite the high price, the first phones were almost snatched from the sales assistants’ hands. Initially, the mobile phone was a "yuppie" product and a status symbol.

Nokia's mobile phones got a big publicity boost in 1987, when Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev was pictured using a Mobira Cityman to make a call from Helsinki to his communications minister in Moscow. This led to the phone's nickname of the "Gorba".

In 1988, Jorma Nieminen, resigning from the post of CEO of the mobile phone unit, along with two other employees from the unit, started a notable mobile phone company of their own, Benefon Oy (since renamed to GeoSentric). One year later, Nokia-Mobira Oy became Nokia Mobile Phones.

Networking equipment

Networking equipment: - In the 1970s, Nokia became more involved in the telecommunications industry by developing the Nokia DX 200, a digital switch for telephone exchanges. In 1982, a DX 200 switch became the world's first microprocessor controlled telephone exchange and the first fully digital exchange to be taken into service in Europe. The DX 200 became the workhorse of the network equipment division. Its modular and flexible architecture enabled it to be developed into various switching products. In 1984, development of a version of the exchange for the Nordic Mobile Telephony network was started.

For a while in the 1970s, Nokia's network equipment production was separated into Telefenno, a company jointly owned by the parent corporation and by a company owned by the Finnish state. In 1987, the state sold its shares to Nokia and in 1992 the name was changed to Nokia Telecommunications.

In the 1970s and 1980s, Nokia developed the Sanomalaitejärjestelmä ("Message device system"), a digital, portable and encrypted text-based communications device for the Finnish Defence Forces. The current main unit used by the Defence Forces is the Sanomalaite M/90 (SANLA M/90).

Telecommunications era

Telecommunications era: - The seeds of the current incarnation of Nokia were planted with the founding of the electronics section of the cable division in 1960 and the production of its first electronic device in 1962: a pulse analyzer designed for use in nuclear power plants. In the 1967 fusion, that section was separated into its own division, and began manufacturing telecommunications equipment.

Industrial conglomerate

Industrial conglomerate: - In 1898, Eduard Polón founded Finnish Rubber Works, manufacturer of galoshes and other rubber products, which later became Nokia's rubber business. At the beginning of the 20th century, Finnish Rubber Works established its factories nearby and began using Nokia as its product brand. In 1912, Arvid Wickström founded Finnish Cable Works, producer of telephone, telegraph and electrical cables and the foundation of Nokia's cable and electronics businesses. At the end of the 1910s, shortly after World War I, the Nokia Company was nearing bankruptcy. To ensure the continuation of electricity supply from Nokia's generators, Finnish Rubber Works acquired the business of the insolvent company.[30] In 1922, Finnish Rubber Works acquired Finnish Cable Works. In 1937, Verner Weckman, a sport wrestler and Finland's first Olympic Gold medalist, became President of Finnish Cable Works, after 16 years as its Technical Director. After World War II, Finnish Cable Works supplied cables to the Soviet Union as part of Finland's war reparations. This gave the company a good foothold for later trade.

The three companies, which had been jointly owned since 1922, were merged to form a new industrial conglomerate, Nokia Corporation in 1967 and paved the way for Nokia's future as a global corporation. The new company was involved in many industries, producing at one time or another paper products, car and bicycle tires, footwear (including Wellington boots), communications cables, televisions and other consumer electronics, personal computers, electricity generation machinery, robotics, capacitors, plastics, aluminium and chemicals. Each business unit had its own director who reported to the first Nokia Corporation President, Björn Westerlund. As the president of the Finnish Cable Works, he had been responsible for setting up the company’s first electronics department in 1960, sowing the seeds of Nokia’s future in telecommunications.

Eventually, the company decided to leave consumer electronics behind in the 1990s and focused solely on the fastest growing segments in telecommunications. Nokian Tyres, manufacturer of tires split from Nokia Corporation to form its own company in 1988 and two years later Nokian Footwear, manufacturer of rubber boots, was founded. During the rest of the 1990s, Nokia divested itself of all of its non-telecommunications businesses.

History

History: -The predecessors of the modern Nokia were the Nokia Company (Nokia Aktiebolag), Finnish Rubber Works Ltd (Suomen Gummitehdas Oy) and Finnish Cable Works Ltd (Suomen Kaapelitehdas Oy).

Nokia's history starts in 1865 when mining engineer Fredrik Idestam established a groundwood pulp mill on the banks of the Tammerkoski rapids in the town of Tampere, in southwestern Finland, and started manufacturing paper. In 1868, Idestam built a second mill near the town of Nokia, fifteen kilometres (nine miles) west of Tampere by the Nokianvirta river, which had better resources for hydropower production. In 1871, Idestam, with the help of his close friend statesman Leo Mechelin, renamed and transformed his firm into a share company, thereby founding the Nokia Company, the name it is still known by today.

The name of the town, Nokia, originated from the river which flowed through the town. The river itself, Nokianvirta, was named after the archaic Finnish word originally meaning a small, dark-furred animal that lived on the banks of the Nokianvirta river. In modern Finnish, noki means soot and nokia is its inflected plural, although this form of the word is rarely if ever used. The old word, nois (pl. nokia) or nokinäätä ("soot marten"), meant sable. After sable was hunted to extinction in Finland, the word was applied to any dark-furred animal of the genus Martes, such as the pine marten, which are found in the area to this day.

Toward the end of the 19th century, Mechelin's wishes to expand into the electricity business were at first thwarted by Idestam's opposition. However, Idestam retired from the management of the company in 1896, allowing Mechelin to become the company's chairman (from 1898 until 1914) and sell most shareholders on his plans, thus realizing his vision. In 1902, Nokia added electricity generation to its business activities.

NOKIA

NOKIA:- Nokia Corporation (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈnɔkiɑ]) (OMX: NOK1V, NYSE: NOK, FWB: NOA3) is a Finnish multinational communications corporation that is headquartered in Keilaniemi, Espoo, a city neighbouring Finland's capital Helsinki. Nokia is engaged in the manufacturing of mobile devices and in converging Internet and communications industries, with 128,445 employees in 120 countries, sales in more than 150 countries and global annual revenue of EUR 50.7 billion and operating profit of 5.0 billion as of 2008. It is the world's largest manufacturer of mobile telephones: its global device market share was about 37% in Q1 2009, down from 39% in Q1 2008 and unchanged from Q4 2008. Nokia produces mobile devices for every major market segment and protocol, including GSM, CDMA, and W-CDMA (UMTS). Nokia offers Internet services that enable people to experience music, maps, media, messaging and games. Nokia's subsidiary Nokia Siemens Networks produces telecommunications network equipment, solutions and services. The company is also engaged in providing digital map information through its wholly-owned subsidiary Navteq.

Nokia is a public limited liability company listed on the Helsinki, Frankfurt, and New York stock exchanges. Nokia plays a very large role in the economy of Finland; it is by far the largest Finnish company, accounting for about a third of the market capitalization of the Helsinki Stock Exchange (OMX Helsinki) as of 2007, a unique situation for an industrialized country. It is an important employer in Finland and several small companies have grown into large ones as its partners and subcontractors. Nokia increased Finland's GDP by more than 1.5% in 1999 alone. In 2004 Nokia's share of the Finnish GDP was 3.5% and accounted for almost a quarter of Finland's exports in 2003.

Finns have consistently ranked Nokia as both the best Finnish brand and the best employer. The Nokia brand, valued at $35.9 billion, is listed as the fifth most valuable global brand in Interbrand/BusinessWeek's Best Global Brands list of 2008 (first non-US company). It is the number one brand in Asia (as of 2007) and Europe (as of 2008), the 42nd most admirable company worldwide in Fortune's World's Most Admired Companies list of 2009 (third in Network Communications, seventh non-US company), and the world's 88th largest company as measured by revenue in Fortune Global 500 list of 2008, up from 119th the previous year. As of 2009, AMR Research ranks Nokia's global supply chain number six in the world.

Recent performance by Sony Ericsson

Recent performance: -

While Sony Ericsson has been enjoying strong growth recently, its South Korean rival LG Electronics overtook it in Q1 2008 due to the company's profits falling significantly by 43% to €133 million (approx. US$ 179.6697 million [2]), sales falling by 8% and market share dropping from 9.4% to 7.9%, despite favourable conditions that the handset market was expected to grow by 10% in 2008. Sony Ericsson announced another profit warning in June 2008[3] and saw net profit crash by 97% in Q2 2008, announcing that it would cut 2,000 jobs, leading to wide fear that Sony Ericsson is on the verge of decline along with its struggling rival, Motorola.[4] In Q3 the profits were much on the same level, however November and December saw increased profits along with new models being released such as the C905 being one of the top sellers across the United Kingdom.

Sony Ericsson has, as of July 18, 2008, approximately 9,400 employees and 2,500 contractors worldwide. Hideki Komiyama is the president of the company and has been since November 1, 2007 when he replaced Miles Flint. The Corporate Executive Vice President is Anders Runevad.

Compatibility

Compatibility: -

During E3 2007 Media and Business Summit, Phil Harrison, Sony CEO showcased a Sony Ericsson phone using the PlayStation's XMB. A select group of phones are also said to integrate into PlayStation Home (final product)

During the announcement of Sony Ericsson K850, W960 and W910 some review sites have shown that those mentioned phones sport a new media manager to replace the standard Sony Ericsson File Manager which possesses a UI that resembles the XMB interface found on Sony PS3 and PSP products. The mobile developer site confirmed from their spec sheets and white papers that the XMB media manager is standard to the phones running Java Platform 8 also known as A200 Platform.

Success with Cyber-shot by Sony Ericsson

Success with Cyber-shot: -

Sony Ericsson have also had great success with their Cyber-shot brand. It was launched in 2005 by the K750 which was one of the most popular Sony Ericsson phones. The reason was that it had Memory Card capability, which was very novel then. The Cyber-shot became very popular very quickly, because unlike Walkman, which had a very good media package and a poor camera, it had a decent media viewing and good cameras.

In 2007 their first 5-Megapixel camera phone, the K850 was announced, followed in 2008 by the C905, the world's first 8-Megapixel phone. At Mobile World Congress 2009, Sony Ericsson unveiled the first 12-Megapixel phone, named Satio on 28th May 2009.

Sony Ericsson Success with Walkman phones

Success with Walkman phones and beyond: -

On March 1, 2005, Sony Ericsson introduced the K750i with a 2 megapixel camera, as well as its platform mate, the W800i, the first of the highly successful Walkman phones capable of doing 30 hours of music playback and two low-end phones.

On May 1, 2005, Sony Ericsson agreed to become the global title sponsor for the WTA Tour in a deal worth 88 million US dollars over 6 years. The women's pro tennis circuit was renamed the Sony Ericsson WTA Tour. Just over a month later on June 7, it announced sponsorship of West Indian batsmen Chris Gayle and Ramnaresh Sarwan.

In October 2005, Sony Ericsson presented the first mobile phone based on UIQ 3, the P990.

On January 2, 2007, Sony Ericsson announced in Stockholm that it will be having some of its mobile phones produced in India. It announced that its two outsourcing partners, Lextronic and Foxconn will be producing 10 million cellphones per year by 2009. CEO Miles Flint announced at a press conference held with India's communications minister Dayanidhi Maran in Chennai that India was one of the fastest growing markets in the world and a priority market for Sony Ericsson with 105 million users of GSM mobile telephones.

On February 2, 2007, Sony Ericsson acquired UIQ Technology, a Swedish software company from Symbian Ltd.. UIQ will remain an independent company, Miles Flint announced.

On October 15, 2007, Sony Ericsson announced on Symbian Smartphone Show that they will be selling half of its UIQ share to Motorola thus making UIQ technology owned by two large mobile phone companies.

Turnaround by Sony Ericsson

Turnaround by Sony Ericsson: -

Beginning of the turnaround

In June 2002, Sony Ericsson said it will stop making CDMA cellphones for the US market and will focus on GSM which was and remains the dominant technology. It also slashed jobs in research and development in USA and Germany. In October 2003, it posted its first quarterly profit but warned that falling prices on phones and competition would make it difficult to stay in black. Sony Ericsson's recovery is credited to the success of the T610 model.

Following the success of its P800 phone, Sony Ericsson introduced the P900 at simultaneous events in Las Vegas and Beijing in October 2003. It was pegged as smaller, faster, simpler and more flexible than its predecessor.

In March 2004, Ericsson said it would try to block its rival Nokia from gaining control of Symbian, an industry consortium that makes operating software for smart phones.

In 2004, Sony Ericsson's market share increased from 5.6 percent in the first quarter to 7 percent in the second quarter. In July 2004, Sony Ericsson unveiled the P910 communicator with its integrated thumbboard, broad e-mail support, quadruple memory and improved screen.

In February 2005, Sony Ericsson president Miles Flint announced at the 3GSM World Congress that Sony Ericsson will unveil a mobile phone-come-digital music player in the next month. It would be called the Walkman phone and would play music file formats such as MP3 and AAC

History of Sony Ericsson

History of Sony Ericsson: -

Troubles in Ericsson's mobile phone business

In the United States, Ericsson partnered with General Electric in the early nineties, primarily to establish a US presence and brand recognition.

Ericsson had decided to source on chips for its phones from a single source, a Philips facility in New Mexico. In March 2000, a fire at the Philips factory contaminated the sterile facility. Philips assured Ericsson and Nokia (the other major customer of the facility) that production would be delayed by less than a week. When it became clear that production would actually be compromised for months, Ericsson was faced with a serious shortage. Nokia had already begun to obtain parts from alternative sources, but Ericsson's position was much worse as both production of current models and the launch of new ones was held up.[5]

Ericsson, which had been in the cellular phone market for decades and was the world no. 3 cellular telephone handset maker was struggling with huge losses in spite of booming sales since 2000 due to this fire and its inability to produce cheaper phones like its competitor Nokia. To curtail the losses, it was thinking of outsourcing production to Asian companies that can produce the handset for lower costs.

Speculation had begun about a possible sale by Ericsson of its mobile phone division but the company's president said that it had no plans to do that. "Mobile phones are really a core business for Ericsson. We wouldn't be as successful (in networks) if we didn't have phones", he said.

Sony Ericsson

Sony Ericsson: - Sony Ericsson is a joint venture established on October 3, 2001 by the Japanese consumer electronics company Sony Corporation and the Swedish telecommunications company Ericsson to make mobile phones. The stated reason for this venture is to combine Sony's consumer electronics expertise with Ericsson's technological leadership in the communications sector. Both companies have stopped making their own mobile phones.

The company's global management is based in Hammersmith, London, and it has research & development teams in Sweden, Japan, China, Germany, the United States, India, Pakistan and the United Kingdom. By 2008, it was the fifth-largest mobile phone manufacturer in the world after Nokia, Samsung, LG and Motorola. The sales of products largely increased due to the launch of the Walkman and Cyber-shot series

Nokia N78

Nokia N78

General
2G Network GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900
3G Network HSDPA 900 / 2100
HSDPA 850 / 1900 - American version
Announced 2008, February
Status Available. Released 2008, May

Size
Dimensions 113 x 49 x 15.1 mm, 76.5 cc
Weight 101.8 g

Display
Type TFT, 16M colors
Size 240 x 320 pixels, 2.4 inches
- Touch-sensitive Navi wheel

Sound
Alert types Vibration; Downloadable polyphonic, MP3 ringtones
Speakerphone Yes, with stereo speakers
- 3.5 mm audio jack

Memory
Phonebook Practically unlimited entries and fields, Photocall
Call records Detailed, max 30 days
Internal 76 MB storage, 96 MB RAM
Card slot microSD (TransFlash), hotswap, buy memory

Data
GPRS Class 11, 118.4 kbits
HSCSD Yes
EDGE Class 32, 296 / 177.6 kbits
3G HSDPA, 3.6 Mbps
WLAN Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g, UPnP technology
Bluetooth Yes, v2.0 with A2DP
Infrared port No
USB Yes, v2.0 microUSB

Camera
Primary 3.15 MP, 2048x1536 pixels, autofocus, Carl Zeiss optics, LED flash
Video Yes, VGA@15fps
Secondary CIF videocall camera

Features
OS Symbian OS, S60 rel. 3.2
CPU ARM 11 369 MHz processor
Messaging SMS, MMS, Email, Instant Messaging
Browser WAP 2.0/xHTML, HTML, RSS feeds
Radio Stereo FM radio with RDS; FM transmitter; Visual radio
Games Yes + Java downloadable, N-Gage compatible
Colors Brown, Blue, White
GPS Yes, with A-GPS support; Nokia Maps
Java Yes, MIDP 2.0
- MP3/M4A/AAC/eAAC+/WMA player
- Push to Talk
- Voice command/dial
- Organizer
- Printing
- Document viewer (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, PDF)
- T9
- Photo/video editor
Battery
Standard battery, Li-Ion 1200 mAh (BL-6F)
Stand-by Up to 320 h (2G) / 312 h (3G)
Talk time Up to 4 h 20 min (2G) / 3 h 10 min (3G)

Nokia N96

Nokia N96

General
2G Network GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900
3G Network HSDPA 900 / 2100
HSDPA 850 / 1900 - American version
Announced 2008, February
Status Available. Released 2008, September
Size
Dimensions 103 x 55 x 18 mm, 92 cc
Weight 125 g

Display
Type TFT, 16M colors
Size 240 x 320 pixels, 2.8 inches
Sound Alert types Vibration; Downloadable polyphonic, monophonic, MP3 ringtones
Speakerphone Yes
- 3.5 mm audio jack

Memory
Phonebook Practically unlimited entries and fields, Photocall
Call records Detailed, max 30 days
Internal 16 GB storage, 128 MB RAM
Card slot microSD (TransFlash), up to 8GB, buy memory

- Accelerometer sensor for auto-rotate

Data
GPRS Class 32, 107 / 64.2 kbps
HSCSD Yes
EDGE Class 32, 296 kbps; DTM Class 11, 177 kbps
3G HSDPA, 3.6 Mbps
WLAN Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g, UPnP technology
Bluetooth Yes, v2.0 with A2DP
Infrared port No
USB Yes, v2.0 microUSB

Camera
Primary 5 MP, 2592x1944 pixels, Carl Zeiss optics, autofocus, LED flash
Video Yes, VGA@30fps
Secondary VGA videocall camera
Features OS Symbian OS 9.3, S60 rel. 3.2
CPU Dual ARM 9 264 MHz processor
Messaging SMS, MMS, Email, Instant Messaging
Browser WAP 2.0/xHTML, HTML, RSS reader
Radio Stereo FM radio with RDS; Visual radio
Games Downloadable, N-Gage compatible
Colors Black, Silver, Quartz
GPS Yes, with A-GPS support; Nokia Maps
Java Yes, MIDP 2.1

- DVB-H TV broadcast receiver
- Dual slide design
- MP3/AAC/AAC+/eAAC+/WMA player
- TV-out
- Organizer
- Document viewer (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, PDF)
- T9
- Push to talk
- Voice dial/memo
- Kickstand

Battery
Standard battery, Li-Ion 950 mAh (BL-5F)
Stand-by Up to 220 h (2G) / 192 h (3G)
Talk time Up to 3 h 40 min (2G) / 2 h 36 min (3G)
Music play Up to 14 h

Nokia 6300i

Nokia 6300i

General
2G Network GSM 900 / 1800 / 1900
Announced 2008, March
Status Available. Released 2008, April

Size
Dimensions 106.4 x 43.6 x 11.7 mm, 56 cc
Weight 93 g

Display
Type TFT, 16M colors
Size 240 x 320 pixels, 2.0 inches, 31 x 41 mm
- Downloadable wallpapers, screensavers

Sound
Alert types Vibration; Downloadable polyphonic, MP3 ringtones
Speakerphone Yes

Memory
Phonebook 1000 entries, Photocall
Call records 20 dialed, 20 received, 20 missed calls
Internal 30 MB
Card slot microSD (TransFlash), up to 2GB, 512 MB card included, buy memory

Data
GPRS Class 10 (4+1/3+2 slots), 32 - 48 kbps
HSCSD Yes
EDGE Class 10, 236.8 kbps
3G No
WLAN Wi-Fi 802.11b/g, UMA technology
Bluetooth Yes, v2.0 with A2DP
Infrared port No
USB Yes, miniUSB

Camera
Primary 2 MP, 1600x1200 pixels
Video Yes, QCIF
Secondary No

Features
Messaging SMS, MMS, Email
Browser WAP 2.0/xHTML, HTML (Opera mini)
Radio Stereo FM radio with RDS
Games Yes + Downloadable
Colors Grey
GPS No
Java Yes, MIDP 2.0
- Nokia Maps
- Push to talk
- MP3/MP4/AAC/ACC+/eAAC+/WMA player
- Voice memo
- Voice command
- T9
- Organizer

Battery
Standard battery, Li-Ion 860 mAh (BL-4C)
Stand-by Up to 340 h
Talk time Up to 3 h 30 min

Nokia 1680 classic

Nokia 1680 classic

General
2G Network GSM 900 / 1800
Announced 2008, April


Size
Dimensions 108 x 46 x 15 mm, 66 cc
Weight 73.7 g

Display
Type TFT, 65K colors
Size 128 x 160 pixels, 1.85 inches
- Themes and wallpapers

Sound
Alert types Vibration; Polyphonic(24), MP3 ringtones
Speakerphone Yes

Memory
Phonebook Yes, up to 1000 entries
Call records 20 dialed, 20 received, 20 missed calls
Internal 32 MB
Card slot No

Data
GPRS Class 10 (4+1/3+2 slots), 32 - 48 kbps
HSCSD No
EDGE Class 6, 177.6 kbps
3G No
WLAN No
Bluetooth No
Infrared port No
USB No

Camera
Primary VGA, 640x480 pixels
Video Yes
Secondary No
Features Messaging SMS, MMS, Email, Instant Messaging
Browser WAP 2.0/xHTML
Radio No
Games Yes
Colors Black, Slate Gray, Wine Red, Deep Plum
GPS No
Java No
- Nokia Xpress Audio Messaging
- Organizer
- Voice memo
- English-Chinese dictionary

Battery
Standard battery, Li-Ion 700 mAh (BL-5CA)
Stand-by Up to 424 h
Talk time Up to 7 h 40 min